About Jatropha Plant关于膏桐
THE PLANT- PROFILE INTRODUCTION 介绍
Jatropha curcus is a drought-resistant perennial, growing well in marginal/
poor soil. It is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly and lives,
producing seeds for 50 years.
膏桐是一种耐干旱的多年生植物。在贫瘠土地生长良好。容易种植，生长快速，可生长，
产籽长达50年。
Jatropha the wonder plant produces seeds with an oil content of 37%. The oil
can be combusted as fuel without being refined. It burns with clear smoke-free
flame, tested successfully as fuel for simple diesel engine. The by-products
are press cake a good organic fertilizer, oil contains also insecticide.
膏桐是生产种子以榨油的理想作物，油含量37%。此油可直接作为燃料，不必经提炼。燃
烧时是无烟的明亮火焰，对于简单的柴油机经验证效果良好。副产品是渣饼，是良好的
有机肥料，其含油有杀虫作用。
It is found to be growing in many parts of the country, rugged in nature and
can survive with minimum inputs and easy to propagate.
膏桐在许多地方野生生长，可以用最少的投入成活，容易繁殖。
Medically it is used for diseases like cancer, piles, snakebite, paralysis,
dropsy etc.药用于某些病症，例如癌症，痔疮，蛇咬，瘫痪，水肿等。
Jatropha grows wild in many areas of India and even thrives on infertile soil.
A good crop can be obtained with little effort. Depending on soil quality and
rainfall, oil can be extracted from the jatropha nuts after two to five years.
The annual nut yield ranges from 0.5 to 12 tons. The kernels consist of oil
to about 60 percent; this can be transformed into biodiesel fuel through
esterification.
膏桐在印度许多地区野生生长，甚至在贫瘠土地上茂盛繁殖。几乎不需费力就可获得不错
的收获。根据泥土质量和雨量，在2-5年内就可从膏桐果实中榨出油来。果实年产量在0.5
吨到12吨。
Family: Euphorbiaceae Synonyms: Curcas purgans Medic. Vernacular/common names:
English- physic nut, purging nut; Hindi - Ratanjyot Jangli erandi;Malayalam
Katamanak; Tamil Kattamanakku; Telugu Pepalam; Kannada Kadaharalu; Gujarathi
Jepal; Sanskrit Kanana randa.
Distribution and habitat 分布和习性
It is still uncertain where the centre of origin is, but it is believed to be
Mexico and Central America. It has been introduced to Africa and Asia and is
now cultivated world-wide. This highly drought-resistant species is adapted to
arid and semi-arid conditions. The current distribution shows that introduction
has been most successful in the drier regions of the tropics with annual
rainfall of 300-1000 mm. It occurs mainly at lower altitudes (0-500 m) in areas
with average annual temperatures well above 20°C but can grow at higher
altitudes and tolerates slight frost. It grows on well-drained soils with good
aeration and is well adapted to marginal soils with low nutrient content.
至今还不确定原产地中心在哪里，不过一般认为是墨西哥和中美洲，被引进到非洲和亚
洲，现在已经在全世界范围种植。这种高耐旱的种类可以适应干旱半干旱的条件。目前的
分布表明它最适应热带年降水量300-1000mm的较干旱的地区。它主要分布在低海拔地区，
年平均气温高于20摄氏度的环境，不过也能在高一些的海拔生长，能承受轻微的霜冻。
它在排水和通风良好的条件下生长，对低营养成分的贫瘠土地适应良好。
Botanical Features 植物特性
It is a small tree or shrub with smooth gray bark, which exudes a whitish
colored, watery, latex when cut. Normally, it grows between three and five
meters in height, but can attain a height of up to eight or ten meters under
favourable conditions.
这是一种小树或者灌木，有灰色光滑树皮，当割开树皮流出白色，水性的树汁。一般它
3-5米高，不过在条件适宜的情况下可以长到8米。
Leaves 叶
It has large green to pale-green leaves, alternate to sub-opposite, three-to
five-lobed with a spiral phyllotaxis.
绿色或浅绿色叶子，交替或者对生。3-5个裂片，螺旋型叶序。
Flowers 花
The petiole length ranges between 6-23 mm. The inflorescence is formed in the
leaf axil. Flowers are formed terminally, individually, with female flowers
usually slightly larger and occurs in the hot seasons. In conditions where
continuous growth occurs, an unbalance of pistillate or staminate flower
production results in a higher number of female flowers.
柄长在6-23毫米。花序生在叶腋。花在末端独立生成，雌花一般略大一些，在炎热季节开
花。在持续生长阶段，雌雄花数量不平衡，雌花远比雄花多。
Fruits 果
Fruits are produced in winter when the shrub is leafless, or it may produce
several crops during the year if soil moisture is good and temperatures are
sufficiently high. Each inflorescence yields a bunch of approximately 10 or
more ovoid fruits. A three, bi-valved cocci is formed after the seeds mature
and the fleshy exocarp dries.
果实在冬天灌木落叶时候生成，或者在土地湿度合适，温度很高的条件下一年几次结果。
每个花序产生一束大约10个或更多卵形果实，在种子成熟，肉质果壳干燥时候分成2-3瓣。
Seeds 籽
The seeds become mature when the capsule changes from green to yellow, after
two to four months 2-4个月后果壳从绿色变为黄色时种子成熟。
Flowering and fruiting habit 开花与结果的习性
The trees are deciduous, shedding the leaves in the dry season. Flowering
occurs during the wet season and two flowering peaks are often seen. In
permanently humid regions, flowering occurs throughout the year. The seeds
mature about three months after flowering. Early growth is fast and with good
rainfall conditions nursery plants may bear fruits after the first rainy
season, direct sown plants after the second rainy season. The flowers are
pollinated by insects especially honey bees.
植株每年落叶，在干燥季节落叶。在湿润季节开花，常见两次开花高峰。在永久湿润地区，
可常年开花。种子大约在开花后3个月成熟，初期生长很快速，如果降水量适合并人工看护
的话，可能在第一个雨季过后就可结果，直接播种的话第二个雨季过后。花朵由昆虫特别
是蜜蜂授粉。
Ecological Requirements 生态学要求
膏桐几乎在任何地方都可生长，甚至在碎石地，沙地和盐碱地。它可在最贫瘠的石头地上
茂盛生长。它甚至能在石缝中生长。树叶冬天从靠近根部开始落叶。落叶的关于气候，膏
桐是在热带，亚热带被发现的，它喜欢较热环境，虽然它在略低一些的温度下生长也很
好，还可以承受轻微霜冻。对水的需求非常小，它可以在较长的干旱时期脱落大部分树叶
来减少蒸腾损失。膏桐叶适于防止土壤侵蚀和沙漠化。
CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY 种植技术
THE PRODUCTIVE PLANTATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS
The practices being undertaken by the Jatropha growers currently need to be
scientifically managed for better growth and production. The growth and yield
of Jatropha could be improved through effective management practices.
膏桐种植者目前需要科学管理来实现更好的培育和产出。使用有效的管理手段，膏桐的生
长和生产都可提高。
The keyfactors that can influence the oil yield of Jatropha Curcas are:
影响膏桐产油率的主要因素有以下几个方面：
1. Climate 气候
2. Quality of the soil 泥土质量
3. Irrigation 灌溉
4. Weeding 除草
5. Use of fertilizer 肥料使用
6. Crop density 种植密度
7. Genotype 基因型
8. Use of pesticide 杀虫剂的使用
9. Inter-cropping 混作
联系人：阮玲
联系电话：021-5633 8420，5633 1418
凯睿特国际
二零零六年十二月
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